Criminal Justice System Paper free essay sample

The criminal equity framework changes with respect to rules, techniques, and terms from state to state. However, regardless of what the discipline given to hoodlums can't change dependent on the gauges set out by the United States. A wrongdoing is depicted as an activity that disregards the government laws of the United States. On the drawback, all infringement are seen with various severities of discipline. Wrongdoings can be taken a gander at from as negligible as a criminal traffic offense and hoist to as serious as manslaughter. The seriousness of the wrongdoing will set up the seriousness of what the discipline will be. The criminal equity framework was intended to provide request to normalize the degree of discipline to fit the wrongdoing perpetrated fittingly. The criminal equity framework is for the most part influenced by sacred law and has developed fundamentally after some time. The current criminal equity framework keeps up itself by helping the way toward getting and offering time to crooks. There are three segments of the framework and they are for the most part significant in the criminal equity framework. The essential segment would be the police power. The cops are given the obligation to catch crooks, examine, and affirm in court about the activities that were seen. In certain occasions, cops are given the commitment to imprison the lawbreakers straightforwardly from the road while they hang tight for their preliminary dates. The subsequent part is the court framework. The court framework is typically made out of an examiner, judge, and a speculate who is by and large alluded to as the litigant while in the court. The examiner is known as the official that is relegated by the administration so as to indict all offenses brought to court. The prosecutor’s duty is to introduce the allegations that would legitimize that the litigant is liable. On the drawback, if the investigator can't give enough proof or on the off chance that they battle to demonstrate the wrongdoer/respondent liable, the litigant will be discharged from authority. The arraignment is the main procedure of the preliminary procedure. The appointed authority, who goes about as the facilitator, experiences and peruses the charges to the respondent and requests a liable or nnocent supplication from the litigant. In the event that the litigant concedes, the case will at that point go directly to condemning in light of the fact that the lawbreaker/respondent has admitted to the wrongdoing without demonstrating evidence. On the off chance that the litigant argues not liable, they will go ahead to argue their case before a jury, investigator and judge and afterward the appointed authority will make the last decision. The jury is who chooses whether the litigant is blameless or blameworthy dependent on what the proof shows, what the observers state, and different realities introduced for the situation. When the jury settles on the choice, the appointed authority will at that point figure out what the discipline for the litigant ought to be founded on the wrongdoing. In conclusion is the remedies segment. Contingent upon what the discipline is, the litigant may confront prison time or only probation for a specific measure of years. Moreover, respondents that are put waiting on the post trial process and damage those terms are then sent directly to jail. All claimed or suspected crooks follow these three fundamental parts of the criminal equity framework. The criminal equity process shifts in each state; likewise, the law requirement offices additionally practice various strategies. Regardless, the establishment of the procedure starts from the Constitution of America, all states notwithstanding, and they all follow the general methodology of the criminal equity process. The essential advance in this procedure includes examination. Examinations start with an allegation of activities, for example, driving affected by liquor or unlawful medications, any deceitful movement, and additionally essential neighbor protests. What occurs next depends on the aftereffects of the examination and the police will proceed ahead with captures. With that are legitimate systems that the police must follow before they can make a capture. For instance, a cop should acquire a court order marked by an appointed authority so as to gather proof and access any property. Cops should accumulate enough proof so as to demonstrate the suspect really perpetrated the wrongdoing. There are, in actuality, a few examples that are urgent and afterward the examination drives directly to a capture being made. The third component is a composed protest that begins the criminal equity process. An objection is a criminal accusation recorded as a hard copy that originates from law authorities. The protest can be assembled either previously or after the capture. The fourth component is going to arraignment, which is the perusing of charges submitted by the suspect/respondent. The fifth component is the necessary bail bond. At the point when a bail is set it gives the respondent the choice to pay that sum or set up security that will guarantee the court that they will keep on being available all through the rest of the criminal procedures. The 6th part is the preliminary. The preliminary is comprised of the respondent creation a case to argue their blamelessness and the examiner demonstrating the litigant is liable of the charges. Either side can utilize proof, realities, and observers so as to affirm their case. The last advance of the procedure is the decision. Contingent upon what the respondent and examiner had the option to bring to preliminary, the appointed authority and jury will decide if the litigant is honest or blameworthy. Regardless of the decision, the litigant is given their supplication in open court. This is the summed up clarification of the means engaged with the criminal equity process. With every one of that comes the resolution that the criminal equity framework is a major factor in today’s society. Basically, the criminal court framework is a definitive obstruction in assisting with forestalling wrongdoing. On the off chance that taking a gander at it where the court framework isn't a factor, the crime percentage would then top and disarray would be inevitable. In any case, fortunately, we don't take a gander at it in that viewpoint and having that placed into light assists with defending how significant the criminal equity framework is to our general public. The criminal equity framework sets a fitting discipline for the blameworthy wrongdoers without disregarding their social equality and permits guiltless residents to demonstrate their guiltlessness. Regardless of the guidelines and methods that apply to each express, the criminal equity framework despite everything remains the most broad framework in America.

Jellyfish Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Jellyfish - Essay Example nd non-customary data joined with the explanatory structure of fluffy rationale that expanding patterns of jellyfish bounty were recognized to be 62% of the Large Marine Ecosystems (LME). The board and adjustment systems see to the intelligent development to these articles. Nonetheless, likewise with the restricted research accessible on the quantity of jellyfish, the constrained research on the executives centers upon human associations with jellyfish in a manner to make up for the absence of proof and information. Most administration of jellyfish populaces is done in setting with the fisheries, power age and the travel industry enterprises and the executives in relationship to their effects on environments and imperative food networks. This is clearly because of their incredible financial effect consequently it is bound to be supported or sought after. ‘The jellyfish joyride: Causes, Consequences and Management reaction to a progressively thick future’ by Richardson et al in 2009 gives an intensive table of the board reactions from the point of view of both environment and human effects however it is a concise layout. The ongoing book ‘Jellyfish Blooms’ commits a whole part to the board from a human cooperation outlook. Choices introduced in the book include: 1) expectation of approaching jellyfish blossoms through ‘early notice systems’ and fitting countermeasures before upheavals; 2) Jellyfish Excluder for Towed angling gear (see Figure 6.3); 3) physical and social screens and boundaries; 4) instruction of when it’s safe to swim to decrease experiences with jellyfish; and 5) displaying programs that anticipate the appropriation of jellyfish so viable conjectures and cautioning frameworks can be set up. Critical is that both the articles and the examination have a prevalence of pessimism toward jellyfish which can't be denied. With synanthropic nature (Purcell, 2007) of jellyfish profiting by human stressors including angling, eutrophication and perhaps an Earth-wide temperature boost, these savage antiquated contenders present

Overcoming Trypanophobia or the Fear of Needles

Overcoming Trypanophobia or the Fear of Needles Phobias Types Print Overcoming Trypanophobia or the Fear of Needles By Lisa Fritscher Lisa Fritscher is a freelance writer and editor with a deep interest in phobias and other mental health topics. Learn about our editorial policy Lisa Fritscher Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on November 28, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD on November 28, 2019 kupicoo / Getty Images More in Phobias Types Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment In This Article Table of Contents Expand Symptoms Dangers Causes Treatment Needle-Free Medications Treatment Can Help View All Back To Top Trypanophobia is the extreme fear of medical procedures involving injections or hypodermic needles. Despite the fact that an estimated 10% of Americans struggle with this phobia, it was not recognized as a specific phobia in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) until 1994.?? Though specific to medical needles, this disorder is commonly referred to as “needle phobia” by the general public.?? Symptoms If you have trypanophobia, you may dread receiving medical care, particularly injections. When you are required to undergo a medical procedure, you are likely to experience high blood pressure and an elevated heart rate in the hours and days leading up to your procedure. However, at the time of the event, your blood pressure may rapidly drop. You may even faint.?? Dangers Aside from the physical symptoms that usually accompany this condition, trypanophobia has the added danger of potentially altering behavior. People  may avoid visiting the doctor or dentist so they dont have to have any injections. Although the actual phobia is of needles, it can lead to a more generalized fear of medical and dental healthcare providers. In extreme cases, the sufferer may refuse to receive even routine checkups.?? Causes Scientists are still unsure precisely what causes needle phobia. It seems to be inherited, as an estimated 80% of adults who have the condition reported having a first-degree relative that suffers from the same phobia.?? However, its possible that the fear is learned rather than biologically inherited. Some evolutionary psychologists believe that fear may be rooted in an ancient survival technique. Puncture wounds could be deadly, particularly in the days before modern antibiotics. Its possible that a fear of puncturing the skin was an evolutionary adaptation.?? Treatment Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has been highly effective in treating trypanophobia. Through techniques such as systematic desensitization, a variation of exposure therapy, you can gradually learn to tolerate needles. Some experts have also found success using hypnotherapy  with their patients.?? The goal of systematic desensitization is to gradually expose you to needles in a controlled, safe setting, beginning with seeing a syringe without a needle, then a syringe with a needle, and eventually allowing you to handle the needle. Needle-Free Medications Of course, with new routes of medication distribution being developed all the time, a person with trypanophobia may be able to receive important treatment without being exposed to needles at all. For instance, jet injection forces medication through the skin using high pressure. Jet injectors not only reduce the pain and fear associated with needles, but they also eliminate some of the risk of accidental needle sticks.?? There are ways of testing blood sugar and performing other needed medical tests without needles. However, there are some medications and tests that need to be performed intravenously, making the use of a needle sometimes unavoidable. Treatment Can Help Trypanophobia is a serious condition that should be treated, as it could eventually lead you to miss out on medical care you need. And if a loved one has this phobia, take his or her concerns seriously. With the proper treatment, its possible to overcome this potentially serious phobic condition.

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Oral Hygiene And Dental Health - 1182 Words

Abstract This paper discusses scholarly articles that discuss various interventions, to improve oral health in children of all ages. There is research conducted that shows 1 out of 6 children experience a toothache each year. There were various interventions implemented throughout schools, and for parents with young children. Each intervention had similar effects and research shows that they were very effective in increasing knowledge on oral hygiene and dental health. This paper also discusses those various interventions and the results from those interventions. The presence of cavities in childhood is known to be the best predictor in tooth decay within a lifespan (Blake, Dawett, Leighton, Brady, Deery 2015.)†¦show more content†¦All the children in the selected classes participated in the oral health session. (Blake, et al 2015) The intervention was informed by the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), and consisted of a single based interactive educational system. The content included in this session was based on the current use of fluoride and evidence based resources for dental hygiene. This was aimed at educating children about oral health, and promoting positive oral health behaviors. (Blake, et al 2015) The results within the study showed that the children’s dental knowledge increased significantly immediately following the intervention. This was shown by children improving their knowledge on six items from baseline to immediate follow-up. This article also mentions how dental diseases and complications can be costly to i ndividuals and society, and therefore preventive measures such as this intervention are globally advocated. (Blake et al, 2015) In another article it was shown that cavities are continuing to be the most common childhood disease in the U.S. affecting over 40% of 5-year-old children. Poor oral health and cavities can have various effects on children, including frequent pain, effect on a child’s behavior, and an overall effect on the quality of life. (Albert, Barracks, Bruzelius, Ward). This article goes onto discuss the intervention that was implemented. This intervention is similar to the intervention discussed above, due to it being solely

What is most valued in modern day society Free Essays

What does an American civilian think is more important; being their own person or fitting in with everyone else? It seems as if the modern day American residents want to fit into a criteria that â€Å"everybody else is doing it† you can tell based on the products they purchase, or the actions they take. We can tell Americans care about conformity more than being their own person because of the present day products. 7% percent f teenagers already have an ‘phone while 62% percent of teenagers say they are going to purchase an Apple ‘phone for their next phone. We will write a custom essay sample on What is most valued in modern day society? or any similar topic only for you Order Now 51% said they already owned an apple product such as an pod, pad, or Mac. (philanderer. Com) If 47% of teens own an ‘phone that only leaves 53% to the other smartness. More people have an ‘phone than any other smartened. This is a perfect example of conformity in America, everyone wants the latest and greatest. Products do not stop at electronics, brand name clothing and accessories. Many of these products are Just as ell made as other non-brand name products but because of the label on the merchandise not only does the demand go up, but so does the price because there is knowledge that the brand name will bring in more customers. Products are not the only thing that proves that modern day Americans care more about conformity more than being an individual based on their actions. People in this country will change almost anything about themselves to â€Å"fit in† from their hair, their make up, their clothing to what they put into their bodies. Tobacco usage, for instance. Young people are more likely to smoke tobacco if their peers smoke or if they see tobacco usage as a social normality. â€Å"Each day in the United States, more than 3,200 people younger than 18 years of age smoke their first cigarette, and an estimated 2,100 youth and young adults who have been occasional smokers become daily cigarette smokers† (Youth and Tobacco Use) If there was no social influence on tobacco then why would people start smoking it? With all the knowledge we know today about how armful tobacco is to a person’s body, why would someone go out of their way to spend money on cigarettes? Tobacco is a perfect example of conformity being valued more than individuality. All in all the products purchased and the actions taken by present day Americans clearly show that Americans value conformity more than individuality. Conformity is not always a bad thing, sometimes a person might enjoy fitting in’ somewhere or feeling like they belong. It can be difficult sometimes to be an individual when it feels like the whole world has another idea of how things should be. How to cite What is most valued in modern day society?, Papers

Modern Horror Essay Example For Students

Modern Horror Essay Gothic, a term primarily used to describe the style of architecture that flourished in Western Europe during the twelfth and sixteenth centuries. However, the word Gothic was originally familiarised be Italian Renaissance writers as a term for all art and architecture of the middle ages, which they recognised as comparable to the works of the barbarian Goths. The Gothic period or last medieval era immediately followed the Romanesque style, which is now universally considered as one of Europes outstanding artistic Genres. Gothic idiom reached its greatest heights of expression in the of of Literature. The style of writing was most popular in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, and still prevails today. The revival of the gothic phenomenon coincided with the rise of a type of romantic fiction that predominated English Literature through out the late 18th century. The principle elements were violence, the grotesque, the super-natural, and were often pictured in ruined Gothic castles or Abbes. Such buildings were characterised by pointed arches, ribbed vaults and narrow, flying buttresses, which constituted an extremely heavy structure. In that period, Authors of the Gothic emphasised mystery and horror, encouraging the reader to experience the ghastly trills that would prevail in ghost-haunted rooms, under-ground passages and upon secret stairways. Some principle writers of this period include Horace Walpole, Ann Radcliff, Mary Shelly and Edgar Allen Poe.  The earliest Gothic romance was a noel by Horace Walpole called Castle of Otranto in 1764. This novel has been continually critisised by numerous critics for its sensationalism, Melodramatic qualities, and its play on the supernatural. The Genre drew many o its intense images from the graveyard poets Gray and Thompson, intermingling a landscape of vast dark forests with vegetation that borders on extensive, concealed ruins with horrific rooms, monasteries, and a forlorn character who excels at the melancholy. The novel produced a rather different meaning to a romance story. A story in the middle ages was an unusual or exciting fictitious story about knights and their ladies. The meaning has changed from being an adventure story with elements of love added in, to being a story almost completely about love.  Horace Warpole conjured up a medieval word o passions set in melodramatic settings. In his stories, good and evil forces were brought into conflict and over the whole story looms the suggestion that irrationality and evil will destroy civilisation. His novels challenged the sensible confidence of readers. Warpoles Gothic romance immediately encouraged a number of imitators, among them Ann Radcliff, The Mysteries of Udolpho (1796) where a persecuted heroine survives numerous assaults to arrive at a happy ending in the arms of a handsome young man.  Radcliff gained a reputaion for her tlaes of terror and suspense in which apparently super-natural occurrences are explained in the last chapters by natural or normal causes. Her tales are characterised by mystery plots and poetically intense landscapes. Her books demonstrate her ability to create psychological atmospheres o horror and terror, and this influenced later Gothic heroes such as Mary Shelly, Frankenstein, and Edgar Allen Poe, The Raven. The Gothic Genre wilted under parodies such as Jane Austins Northanger Abbey (1818) but influenced later writers like Bram Stoker in Dracula (1897). Poe was one of the great American Gothic writers in the 19th century. He is well known for his tales of the mysterious and macabre. He has been described as morbid, passionate and hyper-sensitive. Among Poes poetic output, about a dozen poems are remarkable for their flawless literary construction and their haunting themes and rhymes. In The Raven, for example, the narrator is overwhelmed by melancholy and omens of death. Poe extraordinary manipulation of rhythm and sound is particularly evident in The Bells, a poem that seems to echo with the chiming of metallic instruments and The Sleeper, which reproduces the state of drowsiness. Lenore and Annabel Lee are verse lamentations of the deaths of beautiful young women. .uf44c559298e3e593f59face2313558fd , .uf44c559298e3e593f59face2313558fd .postImageUrl , .uf44c559298e3e593f59face2313558fd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf44c559298e3e593f59face2313558fd , .uf44c559298e3e593f59face2313558fd:hover , .uf44c559298e3e593f59face2313558fd:visited , .uf44c559298e3e593f59face2313558fd:active { border:0!important; } .uf44c559298e3e593f59face2313558fd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf44c559298e3e593f59face2313558fd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf44c559298e3e593f59face2313558fd:active , .uf44c559298e3e593f59face2313558fd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf44c559298e3e593f59face2313558fd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf44c559298e3e593f59face2313558fd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf44c559298e3e593f59face2313558fd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf44c559298e3e593f59face2313558fd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf44c559298e3e593f59face2313558fd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf44c559298e3e593f59face2313558fd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf44c559298e3e593f59face2313558fd .uf44c559298e3e593f59face2313558fd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf44c559298e3e593f59face2313558fd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Sweatshops: Developed Country and Countries EssayI have noticed Poes remarkable literary construction as he uses the fewest words to describe exactly his intention and then relies upon the imagination to believe in the images and apprehensions that he powerfully builds. This is apparent in his first Gothic Novel, The Fall of the House of Usher (1839). This story contains many ideas which are typical of the Gothic genre: premature burial, the idea of the living dead, the line between life and death and acute bodily illnesses, here shown in something ordinary and not frightening, and weave elements into it to make it terrifying. He shows this in The Raven (1845).

History Coursework Essay Example

History Coursework Essay The years between 1914, when the front trench lines were established in the race for the sea and March 1918 when the Allied front lines were broken by the German Spring offensives are assumed to be a time of unchanging, attrition trench warfare. The view that many hold is of the powerlessness of the individual soldiers, living in filthy conditions, with the constant threat of being shot. These soldiers would occasionally charge into a firing range where they were cut down, row by row by enemy fire. These soldiers were put in their impossible position by a command group that consisted of men who were too obsessed with their horses and with the old style of war to change and too stop wasting human lives.If you look at the figures that we are given, at the cost of the battles, and the seemingly little gain in land, without looking at the details, it is possible to see how this view is formed. The battle of Neuve Chapelle (1915) cost the British army 13,000 men for only 8 kms gain, Loos where there were 115,000 casualties, both attacks started with seemingly major breakthroughs which came to a stop due to poor communications between the generals and the front line, resulting in the breaking up of units and the lack of support of reserves where they were needed and a small number of German machine guns which were able to keep the entire British army at bay (supposedly it was only 12 machine guns that stopped the British at Neuve Chappelle). At the Somme in just 5-months there were over 420,000 casualties for only 3 miles gain. As part of the Nivelle Offensive Canadian troops used new artillery tactics at the battle of Vimy Ridge to gain a much-needed victory but there were still horrific casualties at points in the line.Later in the year at ypres (known as wipers to the British who struggled with the pronunciation), good victorys, at Messines Ridge where high explosives had been dug under the enemy trenches was offset by the huge amounts of British troops who died i n the oozing mud of the battlefield had become a literal swamp. Here over 250,000 men died for 11km of land. Still later in the year came the tank victory at Cambrai, where the British tanks secured the largest change in the front line since 1914, which the Germans then won back and more. There was no difference between the battles the British fought and those fought by the French, in 1915 two separate assaults on Vimys Ridge and the battle of Champagne cost the French a total of 250,000 casualties. In 1916, the French suffered their version of the Somme, where in an elongated attack the area became the mass graveyard for over 700,000 French soldiers. The mutinies that stopped the French fighting for 6 weeks in 1917 were started by the 200,000 casualties suffered during the Nivelle Offensives.Huge Losses and little land gain or land quickly won back. This is the repeating message to be drawn from the battles almost the entire way through the war, bought around by the effective defen ce mounted by the Germans. The truth is that the fighting tactics used on the Western front were continually changing and evolving to meet the challenges put up by the enemy. New fighting tactics, new weapons and changes in the way the artillery and the infantry were used were the changes in the fighting methods used by the British army 1915-1918 while the horrific casualties for little ground pattern is an example of continuity.The British army at the start of the war was the most effective army in the world; it was made up of the best-armed and most experienced soldiers in the world. The problem was that the army was very small; the British expeditionary Force (BEF) that was sent to France in 1914 (164,000) was extremely small compared to the LOOK HERE! German soldiers on the Western Front and the LOOK HERE! French soldiers, this was because the British army was used to control its empire while Britains European partners armies were needed to engage the huge continental armys. Thi s influenced the fact that Britain was the only country in the war that did not have conscription at the start of the war.The BEF was lost in 1914-1915. During 1916 Lord Kitchener used an affective propaganda campaign to call up a volunteer force which took up the fighting in 1916, the battle of the Somme saw many of these men killed, but the army which emerged afterwards was experienced and knew how to fight this type of war. At the end of 1916 the government began conscription, these men made up the army until the end of the war. In 1918 the British army numbered almost 5,500,000. The force first sent to France, although well trained was not large enough to have an effect on the war, and the pre-Somme army lacked the experience needed but afterwards the British army came on a par with its French and German counterparts. Unfortunately natural causes at 3rd Pyres caused a failure, which hid this effectiveness.The pre-war British army had never had to deal with an enemy as strong as they were, or any trench warfare. As a result the British army believed that the artillery was useful to soften the enemy up thus they had very little artillery and what they did have was geared towards killing troops in the open battlefield rather than blowing out trench systems. The Germans had firstly a larger number of artillery pieces and they also had heavier, longer range and more explosive pieces that were better for trench fighting. The British were poorly supplied with shells. The companys producing them was restricted to those that had made them pre-war. This lasted till 1916 when the British economys emphasis was changed towards the war. Before this the shell scandal had got so bad that at the battle of Loos there was a total of 500,000 rounds to support the attack the change meant that at the Somme the 3rd army alone had 3 million rounds of ammunition.There were still problems with the artillery. At the Somme 1/3 of the shells fired didnt explode. The shells were also n ot destroying the barbed wire. The shells would fall, hit the ground below the barbed wire and detonate, sending the barbed wire into the air only to come down, still intact in a worse mess than before. This constant shelling also made no-mans land extremely cratered which itself became an obstacle especially when the shells ruptured the water table. The change that the British introduced, to cope with this problem in 1916, was to introduce fuse 106 which detonated on its first contact, the barbed wire, this meant that the wire was cut and the ground was easier to move over.As well as with artillery, the British army was extremely short on machine guns and on hand grenades. This was again because the British had never been involved in a trench style conflict and not know which weapons were useful for this kind of war. Here was another example of change, as the 1,330 pre-war machine guns rose to 24,506 by 1918. The same went with hand grenades. Before the war the British had no worki ng hand grenade and it wasnt until 1916 that this changed. These new changes over a short period, more, lighter machine guns, grenades, more artillery and more ammunition all happened at the end of 1915 and changed the way the British fought, they no longer had to throw men at strong points, they could now pin them down and bypass them.The obvious evolutionary process during the war was infantry and artillery tactics. The British army started using a short barrage, partly because of the shortage of shells. After the barrage the infantry would go over the top, in waves and attack the German defences. The German Defences would consist of the front trench and 1or 2-reserve trenches. The front trench would have soldiers standing shoulder-to-shoulder, so even the short artillery barrages had good effect. In the right circumstances the British would break through the front line. Battles such as this were Neuve Chapelle and at Aubers Ridge. Aubers Ridge was a particular success and it was believed it was because of the prolonged bombardment used there. The British saw this as the key to success and they changed their attacks to have longer bombardments.The reason the British victories at Aubers Ridge and Neuve Chapelle werent exploited was because of the breakdown of communications. Once the order to attack had been given there was no way of calling back the troops, the battlefields were too large for voice control as in the past and wireless messaging was 20 years away. The British commanders implemented a change to stop this; they ordered attacks to be in lines, trotting, almost shoulder-to-shoulder, with the equipment the troops needed to carry on the attack carried with them, this seemed like the solution.These new tactics, increased preliminary bombardments followed by 3-5 lines of soldiers were used for the first time at the battle of the Somme. The preliminary bombardment was intended to destroy German resistance before the lines swept into the trenches and ki lled the remaining Germans before pushing on, remaining in lines, staying organised while being able to push forward. Unfortunately this didnt work, 1 in 3 shells didnt explode and those that did had little effect on the Germans because of changes they had implemented (see below) and because of the affect explained above the wire was not cut and the men trotting forward were mowed down by the enemy machine guns and artillery, the attack was a disaster. Another factor in the defeat was that the Germans had changed their tactics, in direct response to the British heavy bombardment and linear tactics they had changed to a defence in depth strategy which was a trench system which was maybe 4 or 5 trenches deep, with strong positions, usually pill boxs and a front line of machine guns while the troops were not packed into the line any more. As a result it took longer for the British to breakthrough the defence and they got stuck in km of trenches and because the Germans were no longer pa cked shoulder-to-shoulder the artillery had very little effect. The British had to change their tactics again.The changes to the tactics were summarised in a new training manual, SS143, released in early 1917. The new tactic was that every aspect of the army did a specific job that then all came together. The first change was the way the artillery worked. The heavy barrage, which had so little effect was switched with the creeping barrage, this would not to kill the enemy, but pin them down while the infantry attacked. It was a wall of shells, dropped 100-200 metres ahead of British infantry. As the infantry pushed forwards the artillery wall would move forward with it, meaning the troops would be safe from counter attacks and that machine gun posts could be pinned down while the troops flanked them.The new artillery tactics were backed by changes in infantry tactics. The old linear attacks were abandoned and troops were put in small attack groups, these attack groups consisted of s everal riflemen, a grenadier and a Lewis gun team (these were light, manageable machine guns). These assault teams were to act independently. They were ideal for taking enemy strong points as the grenadier and the Lewis gun team were ideal for pinning down machine gun positions while the riflemen flanked the enemy positions. These tactics gave a greater importance to individual initiative and cunning and should have reduced casualties.At around the same time artillery tactics improved. Changes had improved the accuracy of the guns. Each gun had been removed from the battlefield and were tested for distance. Scientists were introduced to the front, and temperatures, heat of the shell and the wind were all taken into account when the shell was fired. This increased the accuracy of the British artillery. New developments also made counter-battery fire easier. The British used spot-sighting and sound ranging these used 3 spotters at known distances from each other to pinpoint where they saw the flash or heard the bang of enemy guns, the distance was then measured by trigonometry, This meant that the British artillery could effectively silence the enemy artillery. The 3rd change to the artillery was now firing. This involved British planes flying over the enemy, using a system based on the clock they could accurately pinpoint to their artillery where enemy artillery pieces were, this was the most effective change.These changes to the British attack in 1917 were answered by a change in defensive tactics by the Germans. The defence in depth worked, but by stopping the British the Germans absorbed too many casualties. Unlike Britain and France the German pot of possible soldiers had run out. The emphasis on their defence had to be on slowing down the British while taking the smallest amount of casualtys. The defence adopted was the elastic defence. This had a layout of 4 or 5 long trenches, on the back slope of a hill, so it was very difficult for the British artiller y to pinpoint German positions. The forward zone was not intended to take much fighting, in fact it would be deserted, the only positions would be machine guns placed to cover as much ground as possible. The soldiers here would not fight to the death; they would aim to hold the British for as long as possible.The next zone the British would come into would be the main fighting zone, here would be German units designed for defensive fighting, they would be in strong positions that were designed to withstand attacks for as long as possible, the next zone would be where the German storm troopers were. These were the elite German units. Once the British had breached the main battle zone, these storm troopers would spring, like elastic back into the zone, and push the British back. This defence worked, but the changes the British made with methods like now firing (see above) and the tactics used by the infantry made even this kind of defence hard to work. The Germans were pushed back. Fo r example, it became very hard for the storm troopers to counter-attack, when the creeping barrage was left, covering the main fighting zone, giving the British the time they needed to consolidate their positions, meaning the Germans were attacking the British against their own defensive positions.In early 1918 the British again had to change the way they were fighting the war. By now the Americans had declared war on Germany and fresh American troops were coming to the continent. The Germans saw that if they didnt change, and go on the attack they would be overwhelmed by the numbers the Americans could field. The Spring Offensives were launched. The Germans attacked the line, all the way along the line. They were able to swing 1 million troops fresh from their victory on the Eastern Front in. This sudden attack meant that the British had to change from attacking, which they had been doing most of the war to defending which they were inexperienced at.In fact when the attack came, wi thin 10 days the front had been pushed back 40 miles, this was the biggest movement of the war so far. The British werent given time for their defensive tactics to evolve. They were at the stage where they changed, or lost the war. There wasnt time to dig elastic defences, so instead the order was given for every man to fight to the death. Eventually the German attack ran out of steam. Reserves were sent to where the British line was strongest rather than weakest, and the growing amount of American troops meant that the Germans were attacking against an enemy that outnumbered them.For the last few months of the war the British again changed their tactics and went on the attack. The 100 day victories were the biggest success in British history. The Germans were pushed back into Belgium. The British used all the tactics they had slowly learned during the past 3 years to fight a war using all arms of the military to win decisive victories.The tank is a good example of the problems face d by new weapons used in the first word war. By 1918 the tank was formidable, they could crush enemy trenches, turn barbed wire into Brilo pads, and strike fear into the heart of enemy ranks. They were introduced at the Somme in 1916 and between then and the battle of Cambrai tanks seemed to have limited effects on battles. Much like the fighting methods the British used, the mechanics and the tactics used with tanks needed an evolutionary learning curve with crews who were learning how to use the machines effectively. The first tanks used were slow and were not bulletproof; they were used in too small numbers and with little support. As a result they had little effect in their battles. The first change was the introduction of the Mark II; these tanks were still used poorly in unfavourable conditions, especially in the swamp of 3rd Ypres where they sunk.However where the land was downhill and flat they could be used effectively such as at St. Julian away from Ypres where they headed a successful attack on a line of pillboxes. Despite their poor start the people in charge of the British army kept their confidence in their abilitys and the next change occurred; the Mark IV was introduced, this was more bullet-proof, and by now the tactics had been changed to suit the tanks. They were used in large numbers on un-cratered land that was sloping towards the German trenches at the battle of Cambrai. The tanks quickly broke through the German lines and pushed out into open space Unfortunately the tanks could not carry enough fuel to go for more than 8 hours so these tanks could only go so far before they had to stop. The infantry reserves did not follow the tanks so they were left stranded deep in enemy territory. The Germans quickly won the land back. This was a good demonstration of how tanks had their strong points and could be very effective if used correctly, but they also had their weaknesses that could be exploited.From this, the evidence leads me to believe th at there was considerable change in the Fighting methods used by the British army on the Western front; there was also considerable continuity, especially in the end results of the battles. Both sides managed to change their industrial capabilities towards being a war of total war. Unfortunately the changes made by one side were quickly countered by a change made by the other side, this is what lead to the continuation (which was the continuity) of the war and it wasnt until their was no way for the Germans to change to counter the British and French tactics that the war was won.

Free Essays on Hidden Wars Of Desert Storm

Hidden Wars Of Desert Storm â€Å"Oil is too important to us to allow the Arabs to control† a statement made by Henry Kissinger, Secretary Of State during President Fords Administration. It is a phrase that would be the hidden agenda behind the invasion of Iraq, which led to the Gulf War. Our so called great Democracy and Country has bullied its way to the top of the world economy by exploiting other races and Countries from robbing Native Americans of their land to enslaving Africans and now to stealing Iraq oil all in the name of God and spreading ‘democracy’. In 1991 Iraq invaded Kuwait under the assumption that America would not interfere with the invasion given recent statements at that time by White house representatives, but unknown to Sadams regime and most of the World at that time America had systematically found a way to plot the seed of evil between the two countries and had employed plans on how to counter attack Iraq after the invasion of Kuwait, which would give them a legitimate reason to attack Iraq. Saddam Hussein was made out to be a trigger-happy ruthless dictator by the U.S government with the help of mass media. The American public was led to believe that Saddam Hussein was planning to rule over all the oil in the middle east and spread his terror around the world, which was much like the mind games used on the American public in the 1960’s during the Vietnam war in regard to the Domino effect, and they would be doing a great deal of good by getting rid of this evil dictator who was even using his weapons on his own people. The irony of the story though is that Saddam Hussein was supplied these weapons by America during the Iraq- Iran war and only became a threat to American National Security when he decided to Nationalize his countries oil. Stealing Iraq’s oil was not the only hidden agenda behind the gulf war, American defense contractors and other private arms companies profited immensely from t... Free Essays on Hidden Wars Of Desert Storm Free Essays on Hidden Wars Of Desert Storm Hidden Wars Of Desert Storm â€Å"Oil is too important to us to allow the Arabs to control† a statement made by Henry Kissinger, Secretary Of State during President Fords Administration. It is a phrase that would be the hidden agenda behind the invasion of Iraq, which led to the Gulf War. Our so called great Democracy and Country has bullied its way to the top of the world economy by exploiting other races and Countries from robbing Native Americans of their land to enslaving Africans and now to stealing Iraq oil all in the name of God and spreading ‘democracy’. In 1991 Iraq invaded Kuwait under the assumption that America would not interfere with the invasion given recent statements at that time by White house representatives, but unknown to Sadams regime and most of the World at that time America had systematically found a way to plot the seed of evil between the two countries and had employed plans on how to counter attack Iraq after the invasion of Kuwait, which would give them a legitimate reason to attack Iraq. Saddam Hussein was made out to be a trigger-happy ruthless dictator by the U.S government with the help of mass media. The American public was led to believe that Saddam Hussein was planning to rule over all the oil in the middle east and spread his terror around the world, which was much like the mind games used on the American public in the 1960’s during the Vietnam war in regard to the Domino effect, and they would be doing a great deal of good by getting rid of this evil dictator who was even using his weapons on his own people. The irony of the story though is that Saddam Hussein was supplied these weapons by America during the Iraq- Iran war and only became a threat to American National Security when he decided to Nationalize his countries oil. Stealing Iraq’s oil was not the only hidden agenda behind the gulf war, American defense contractors and other private arms companies profited immensely from t...

Overview of the conflicts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Overview of the conflicts - Essay Example s necessary to have a clear understanding of both of their arguments and the possible solutions they put forward, to recognize the actual reason of the conflict. Chua begins her essay by explaining how Aunt Leona, her father’s twin sister who was murdered by her driver in Philippines and how no action was taken by the Philippines police because her aunt was Chinese. This was nothing shocking for the people as hundreds of Chinese in Philippines were kidnapped every year and brutally murdered by the Ethnic Filipinos. . The minority Chinese dominated the whole of industry and commerce in the country whereas all menial jobs were done by the Filipinos. Chua cites this example to show how the market-dominated minority of Chinese are despised and taken revenge by the majority of Filipinos and how the government supports it. For Chua, the conflict lies in the relationship among three factors- markets, democracy and ethnic hatred. She believes that Americans today are perceived as the world’s market- dominant minority and this has obviously resulted in the September 11 World Trade Center episode. According to her, the global spread of m arkets and democracy is the major reason for group hatred and ethnic violence throughout the Non- Western world. This results in three kinds of violence: a) violence against markets that target the market dominant minorities’ wealth, b) attack against democracy by forces favorable to the market dominant minority, and c) violence directed against the market dominant minority itself .Thus she considers the working of market dominant minority against the wishes of the impoverished majority as the major factor behind the conflict and possible changes in the prevalent system can bring about a difference. Huntington, on the other hand, believes that the fundamental source of conflict is not primarily ideological or economic but cultural. Clashes occur when people divide themselves based on their common cultural identity such as language,

Second Reconstruction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Second Reconstruction - Essay Example It was in the American South, where majority of the African American population were concentrated, where racial discrimination was widespread and deliberate in terms of education, economic opportunities, and political and legal rights such as voting. One of these actions was the â€Å"Freedom Ride†. Freedom Rides were journeys by Civil Rights activists on interstate Greyhound buses into the segregated Deep South. It was to test a United States Supreme Court decision that ended segregation for passengers engaged in interstate travel. The riders risked their lives to firebombing, attacks by the Ku Klux Klan, beatings, mobbings, and arrest. Those arrested end up in jails, where they were maltreated and subjected to inhumane conditions while in detention. These rides not only managed to gain public sympathy and support but led to the Kennedy administration issuing a new desegregation order. Taking effect on November 1, passengers were permitted to sit anywhere on the bus; segregat ion signs came down in bus terminals; consolidation of drinking fountains, toilets, and waiting rooms; and lunch counters began serving people regardless of skin color. Before the Civil Rights Act, African Americans were treated as property, and an inferior race, throughout the United States. President Kennedy proposed the civil rights legislation which gained support from northern states Congressmen but blocked by Senators of the South. President Johnson signed the Act into law which banned discrimination based on one’s color, sex, religion, race, or national origin in terms employment practices and public accommodations, and abolished state and local laws which required such discrimination. The movement had a permanent impact to society and the country as a whole. Southern whites had different reactions to the movement, retaliation, acceptance, unsure of their feelings and doubting, and confusion. There were even cases when others were forced to fight against the movement o ut of community pressure. In the end, many of them changed their minds. Albeit the different reactions to the movement by the white Southerners, the local community, the local government, in the church, and even in universities, as Jason Sokol stated in his book â€Å"A Documented Account of How White Students Reacted to the Racial Integration of the University of Georgia†: In the 1960s universities across America pulsed with the spirit of protest. While students at Berkeley and Columbia captured headlines in the middle and late 1960s, they were not the first to revolt. Earlier in the decade, whites on southern campuses rebelled against the orders of distant courts as well as against the black students they found suddenly in their midst. Though white Southerners, as described by Sokol, have â€Å"racial attitudes and behavior frequently revealed a confused and conflicted people, at times divided within and against themselves† (Sokol 2006), the movement changed Southern er’s minds from oppressing and degrading African-Americans, and thus, forever changed their lives. The movement has transformed the South and the nation. Although politicians and community leaders tried with all their might to retain status quo and power in the state’s changing political landscapes, increased social and legal acceptance shifted the balance of political power. African-Americans were given more opportunities in politics which led to the election of a black

How Google is Changing Your Brain Article Analysis

How Google is Changing Your Brain Article Analysis When in doubt ask your all-knowing friend google. The authors Daniel M. Wegner and Adrian F. Ward who wrote How Google is Changing Your Brain published in 2013 in the Scientific American. Wegner and Ward argue that instead of relying on the diversity of our friends knowledge, people tend to ask google first. The article begins building credibility with convincing facts and examples; however, toward the end of the article, the sudden flip to how google is good weakens their credibility and ultimately, the article. In the article, the authors first set the stage by describing a birthday party scenario and how each person knows intuitively what to do. While one may remember the time and place of the party, the other may take note of the dress code.   The article then outlines that when presented with new information, people distribute remembering certain facts among their social group. When someone does not remember the right name or how to fix a broken machine they simply turn to someone who knows. The authors provide a few more examples to instill the idea of not only do people know the information stored within their minds; but, also the information of members of their social group. Throughout the entirety of the article, the authors use many strong examples and experiments that strengthens their claim, credibility and appeal to ethos. Mentioning the experiments boosts Wegner and Wards credibility showing that they have done their homework while providing statistics and facts. They also use their own experiments to support their claim which show they have first-hand experience with the subject. Adding to Wegner and Wards ethos appeals, they also have strong appeals to logos, with many facts and logical progressions of ideas. They point out facts, that show people are relying on computers to remember information, instead of the diverse information their friends may possess: We found that those who believed the computer had saved the list of facts were much worse at remembering. People seemed to treat the computer like transactive memory partners off-loading information to this cloud mind rather than storing it internally. These facts support the idea that people are beginning to rely on the internet and computers, instead of themselves and friends. Wegner and Ward continue with many more supporting ideas: it seems that the propensity for off-loading information to digital sources is so strong that people are often unable to fix details in their own thoughts when in the presence of a cyberbuddy. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ As we off-load responsibility for many types of information to the Internet, we may be replacing other potential transactive memory partners friends, family members and other human experts with our ever present connection to a seemingly omniscient digital cloud. These are a few of the many ideas, that support the authors claim that this is a real and substantial problem that humans are relying less on each other, and more on the internet. The convincing statements appeal to logos and presses upon the reader that this is a topic worth discussing. However, the end of the article lacks the same effectiveness of the paragraphs before it. For example, Wegner and Ward notes that the internet is up to date, not subject to the distortion that afflicts human memory, and quicker than calling a friend hoping they have the information you seek. This damages the strength of their credibility and their argument. Additionally, the authors last statement in the article, refers to the internet in a way that weakens the articles purpose. While returning to the introduction in the conclusion is a  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   frequently used strategy, they chose to abandon if not to totally disregard their beginning statement. Wegner and Ward states that humans are being freed from the necessity of remembering facts. The sudden dependence and off-loading of information to the internet is a movement that people should embrace. Though the article begins by effectively persuading to the readers the importance of the diversity of information their friends possess Wegner and Ward loses power in the end, where they need to drive home their argument. Readers can see a problem exists throughout the article; however, the sudden shift to downplay the problem, makes the reader not take it seriously in the end. Wegner, Daniel M., and Adrian F. Ward. How Google Is Changing Your Brain. Scientific American 309.6 (2013): 58-61. Academic Search Premier. Web. 8 Aug. 2016.

An Analysis of Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein Essay

Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley was born in London in 1797 to radical philosopher, William Godwin, and Mary Wollstonecraft, author of A Vindication of the Rights of Woman. Wollstonecraft died 11 days after giving birth, and young Mary was educated in the intellectual circles of her father’s contemporaries. In 1814, at the age of seventeen, Mary met and fell in love with poet, Percy Bysshe Shelley. She ran away with him to France and they were married in 1816 after Shelley’s wife committed suicide. Percy Shelley was a prominent poet of the Romantic Movement along with Samuel Taylor Coleridge, William Wordsworth, and Shelley’s friend, Lord Byron. As his wife and companion, Mary Shelley was exposed to the same influences as her husband, and this Romanticism influenced her work. Mary Shelley wrote Frankenstein after Byron introduced a challenge to discern whom among the three writers — Percy Shelley, Mary Shelley, and Byron himself — could write the best ghost story. The tumultuous French Revolution, which began before her birth, but had far-reaching echoes in society and literature, as well as the Industrial Revolution of England in the 18th Century, were influences on Mary Shelley’s life and work. The mass production and dehumanization of the Industrial Revolution posed a threat to the Romantic ideals of the importance of the individual, the beauty of nature, and the emotional and free spirit. Frankenstein, or The Modern Prometheus, can be seen as a protest against this scientific revolution. Scientific progress was a large part of this century of discovery. Darwin, a leading scientific figure with his theories of evolution, was a personal friend of Shelley’s husband, so science was not an ignored topic in her life. Advances in medicine and the need for cadavers also figured into the time in which Mary Shelley lived. At this time in London grave robbing was a common occurrence because men dubbed â€Å"the resurrection men† would sell the stolen bodies to teaching hospitals so that medical students could dissect and study them. This knowledge makes the idea of Victor Frankenstein  scavenging graveyards for parts seem less shocking. Frankenstein addresses common Romantic themes of isolation and the beauty of nature, but it also deals with loss, which Mary Shelley knew a great deal about. Growing up motherless, Mary also lost her sister to suicide, as well as losing three of her own children to miscarriage and early childhood deaths. In 1822 her husband drowned in the Gulf of Spezzia, and she was left, twenty-five years old, with only one remaining son. She remained unmarried and died in London in 1851. Although she wrote several other books, including Valperga (1823), The Last Man (1826), Lodore (1835), and Falkner (1837), Frankenstein is her most well known work. â€Å"The critics greeted Mary Shelley’s novel with a combination of praise and disdain† (Moss and Wilson). The unorthodox studies of Frankenstein were shocking to critics, but â€Å"despite the critical attacks, Frankenstein caused a literary sensation in London. The novel fit smoothly into the popular gothic genre† (Moss and Wilson). But more than just a popular culture novel, Frankenstein has lasted over time. â€Å"The novel became one of the triumphs of the Romantic movement due to its themes of alienation and isolation and its warning about the destructive power that can result when human creativity is unfettered by moral and social concerns† (Moss and Wilson) Mary Wolstonecraft Shelley PLOT Frankenstein, set in Europe in the 1790’s, begins with the letters of Captain Robert Walton to his sister. These letters form the framework for the story in which Walton tells his sister the story of Victor Frankenstein and his monster as Frankenstein told it to him. Walton set out to explore the North Pole. The ship got trapped in frozen water and the crew, watching around them, saw a giant man in the distance on a dogsled. Hours later they found Frankenstein and his dogsled near the  ship, so they brought the sick man aboard. As he recovered, Frankenstein told Walton his story so that Walton would learn the price of pursuing glory at any cost. Frankenstein grew up in a perfectly loving and gentle Swiss family with an especially close tie to his adopted cousin, Elizabeth, and his dear friend Henry Clerval. As a young boy, Frankenstein became obsessed with studying outdated theories about what gives humans their life spark. In college at Ingolstadt, he created his own â€Å"perfect† human from scavenged body parts, but once it lived, the creature was hideous. Frankenstein was disgusted by its ugliness, so he ran away from it. Henry Clerval came to Ingolstadt to study with Frankenstein, but ended up nursing him after his exhausting and secret efforts to create a perfect human life. While Frankenstein recovered from his illness over many months and then studied languages with Clerval at the college, the monster wandered around looking for friendship. After several harsh encounters with humans, the monster became afraid of them and spent a long time living near a cottage and observing the family who lived there. Through these observations he became educated and realized that he was very different from the humans he watched. Out of loneliness, the monster sought the friendship of this family, but they were afraid of him, and this rejection made him seek vengeance against his creator. He went to Geneva and met a little boy in the woods. The monster hoped to kidnap him and keep him as a companion, but the boy was Frankenstein’s younger brother, so the monster killed him to get back at his creator. Then the monster planted the necklace he removed from the child’s body on a beautiful girl who was later executed for the crime. When Frankenstein learned of his brother’s death, he went back to Geneva to be with his family. In the woods where his young brother was murdered, Frankenstein saw the monster and knew that he was William’s murderer. Frankenstein was ravaged by his grief and guilt for creating the monster who wreaked so much destruction, and he went into the mountains alone to find peace. Instead of peace, Frankenstein was approached by the monster who then demanded that he create a female monster to be the monster’s companion.  Frankenstein, fearing for his family, agreed to and went to England to do his work. Clerval accompanied Frankenstein, but they separated in Scotland and Frankenstein began his work. When he was almost finished, he changed his mind because he didn’t want to be responsible for the carnage another monster could create, so he destroyed the project. The monster vowed revenge on Frankenstein’s upcoming wedding night. Before Frankenstein could re turn home, the monster murdered Clerval. Once home, Frankenstein married his cousin Elizabeth right away and prepared for his death, but the monster killed Elizabeth instead and the grief of her death killed Frankenstein’s father. After that, Frankenstein vowed to pursue the monster and destroy him. That’s how Frankenstein ended up near the North Pole where Walton’s ship was trapped. A few days after Frankenstein finished his story, Walton and his crew decided to turn back and go home. Before they left, Frankenstein died and the monster appeared in his room. Walton heard the monster’s explanation for his vengeance as well as his remorse before he left the ship and traveled toward the Pole to destroy himself so that none would ever know of his existence. CHARACTERS Major Characters Robert Walton: Indirect narrator of the story, he tells Victor Frankenstein’s story through letters to his sister, Margaret Saville. Walton is a self-educated man who set out to reach and explore the North Pole and find an Arctic passage to connect the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. While his ship is locked in ice, his crew sees Frankenstein’s monster pass by on a dog sled and Frankenstein himself, exhausted and weakened, not far behind. They take Frankenstein aboard and Walton nurses him and talks with him because he has been longing for a friend. In seeing Walton’s raw ambition to explore the North Pole at all costs, Frankenstein is prompted to tell the story of his destruction that a similar ambition brought upon him. After Frankenstein’s death and just before the ship heads back to England, Walton is also the last to see the monster before he goes north to kill himself. Victor Frankenstein: Frankenstein is the eldest son of a wealthy, Genevese man, Alphonse, and his young wife, Caroline. Victor grows up in the perfect family with a happy childhood and a constant and devoted companion in his adopted cousin, Elizabeth. He is sensitive, intelligent, and passionate about his interests and becomes absorbed in the quest to find out what creates life. While away at college in Ingolstadt, Victor creates a being from scavenged corpse parts and gives it life, but is repulsed by its hideousness once it lives. The monster, in retaliation for Victor’s negligence, destroys his life by killing off those Victor loves. Victor chases him to the far reaches of the Arctic planning to destroy him and then die to escape his misery and remorse at his creation, but he dies aboard Walton’s ship before he can catch the monster. The Monster: Created by Victor Frankenstein in Ingolstadt, the monster is a conglomeration of human parts with inhuman strength. He is so hideous that Victor, his own creator, cannot stand to look upon him. He is loving and gentle at the beginning of his life, childlike in his curiosity and experiences, but after several harsh encounters with humans, he becomes bitter. He seeks revenge on his creator for making him so hideous and rendering him permanently lonely because of his ugliness. He offers Frankenstein peace in exchange for a companion of like origin, but when Frankenstein does not comply, he vows to destroy him and begins killing off Frankenstein’s friends and family — those figures he most envies because he does not have them. After finding Frankenstein dead aboard Walton’s ship, the monster goes further north with plans to destroy himself and end the suffering that Frankenstein began when he created him. Elizabeth Lavenza: Adopted cousin of Victor Frankenstein. Elizabeth was a beautiful orphan being raised by an Italian peasant family when Caroline Beaufort Frankenstein adopted her. She became Victor’s constant companion and he watched over her as if she were his own possession from their meeting when he was 5 years old. Her beauty and kindness made her adored almost reverently by all who knew her, and it was taken for granted that she and Victor would marry. She is the gentling influence and the comforter for the  males of the Frankenstein family when Caroline dies, and her beauty and goodness are constant throughout her life. She and Victor are married, but on their wedding night, the monster strangles Elizabeth to punish Victor for not creating for him a companion creature. Henry Clerval: Life-long friend of Victor Frankenstein, Henry was poetic, sensitive and caring, and their friendship was a strong one. When Victor was in Ingolstadt so long without sending word to his family, Henry relocated there to study and to look after Victor. Henry nursed him through a long period of illness before Victor returned to Geneva. Later they traveled together to England and Scotland, but while they were there, the monster strangled Henry to punish Victor. Victor was accused of the murder, but was acquitted. Justine Moritz: Servant in the Frankenstein household, Justine was another beautiful, gentle, and kind addition to the Frankenstein family whom Caroline took in to care for and educate. When Caroline got scarlet fever, Justine nursed her, and after Caroline died, Justine returned to her own mother. Her mother too became ill and died, so Justine returned to the Frankenstein home to help raise the two sons Caroline had left when she died. Justine was a grateful and faithful part of their household, but she was accused of 5-year-old William Frankenstein’s murder when a locket he had been wearing was found in her dress. Although she had been framed by the monster and was innocent, she was executed and Victor considered her death his fault because he created the monster who framed her. Alphonse Frankenstein: Victor Frankenstein’s father, Alphonse was a wealthy and benevolent man who loved his wife and his children very dearly. He rescued Caroline Beaufort, daughter of his close friend, from poverty after her father’s death. He was a doting husband and father bent by the grief of loss after loss until he dies from accumulated sorrow and shock. Caroline Beaufort Frankenstein: Wife of Alphonse and mother of Victor, Ernest, and William, Caroline Beaufort Frankenstein was the daughter of a once-wealthy friend of Alphonse. Planning to aid his friend, Alphonse found  his home and went there only to find Caroline weeping over his coffin. Alphonse took her into his home and married her two years later. They had a loving relationship and cared for their children very much. She was a good, beautiful, and gentle woman adored by all her family until she died from the scarlet fever she contracted nursing Elizabeth back to health. Minor Characters Mrs. Margaret Saville: Sister of Robert Walton, ship captain, Mrs. Saville is significant only because she is the recipient of the letters describing Frankenstein’s story. Walton writes to her of the progress of his journey and his acquaintance with Frankenstein. Beaufort: Friend of Alphonse Frankenstein and Caroline’s father, Beaufort lost his wealth and relocated to escape the humiliation of his poverty. Caroline nursed him as his health declined and was weeping over his coffin when Alphonse found her and took her back to Geneva. M. Waldman: Chemistry professor at Ingolstadt. His lectures revive Victor’s interest in discovering the spark of life and creation. Ernest Frankenstein: Victor’s brother. Ernest is 7 years younger than Victor and is only mentioned a few times, the longest reference in a letter to Victor from Elizabeth. She mentions that Ernest wants to join the Swiss military. William Frankenstein: Victor’s youngest brother, William is sweet, happy, greatly adored by his family. William is strangled in the woods while the family was out for a walk. His is the first of the monster’s victims, and Justine is framed for the murder. De Lacey Family: Felix, Agatha, and their blind father. This is the family of cottagers near where the monster lives. They are French exiles living in Germany because Felix helped an unjustly imprisoned Turk escape. He watches them and over time learns to speak and read from observing them. The monster  becomes attached to them and chops wood for them as well as other small services without revealing himself to them. He craves their acceptance and affection and educates himself further to win them over. When he seeks their affection, however, they are afraid of him and their scorn sends him away. This rejection sends him on a quest to find Victor, his creator, and seek vengeance. Muhammadan: Turk Felix aided and for whom the De Lacey family was exiled to Germany. Muhammadan was unjustly condemned for reasons of religion and wealth, and Felix helped him escape, falling in love with Muhammadan’s daughter, Safie, along the way. Muhammadan promises to allow them to marry, but plans secretly to take Safie back to Turkey with him. Safie: Daughter of Muhammadan and Arabian Christian woman. Safie falls in love with Felix and doesn’t want to return to the oppressive country of her birth. When her father leaves for Turkey with the expectation that she will follow soon after with all of his possessions, she seeks out Felix and lives with him and his family in Germany. M. Kirwin: Irish magistrate who cares for Victor when he falls ill after being accused of Henry’s murder. Kirwin is sympathetic and believes Victor is innocent, so he has a doctor care for Victor while he is imprisoned and also sends for Alphonse. SETTINGS Geneva: Geneva, Switzerland. Home of the Frankenstein family where Victor grew up and to which he returned after college and the creation of the monster. The murders of William and Justine were located in the area around Geneva. Ingolstadt: Ingolstadt, Germany. Victor went to college in Ingolstadt and created the monster in his laboratory there. This was the city of the monster’s awakening. Mont Blanc: A mountain near Geneva. This mountain is referred to again and again in descriptions of scenery throughout the novel. It carries weight as a mark of Romanticism because it is the subject of a famous poem by William Wordsworth, one of Mary Shelley’s contemporaries. Orkney Islands: Orkney Islands, Scotland. Victor stays in a hut on one of the sparsely populated Orkney Islands to create a second creature to be a companion to the monster. North Pole: Destination of Robert Walton and his ship as well as the monster and Victor. Walton is bound for the North Pole to explore in the hopes of uncovering secrets of the earth and gaining glory for his discovery. Victor is following the monster to the North Pole to destroy him or die trying, and they meet while Walton’s ship is trapped in ice. Walton and Victor never make it to the North Pole because Walton’s men want to turn back for England and Victor dies. The monster, however, is last seen on his way to the furthest point north to destroy himself so that none will know of his hideous existence. Chamounix: Frankenstein traveled to Chamounix to escape his guilt and depression, but while he was in Chamounix, the monster approached him about creating a female monster companion for him. The monster lived in an ice cave not far from Chamounix. INTRODUCTION Mary Shelley was born in 1779 in London, England. At the age of sixteen, she met the famous British poet Percy Bysshe Shelley, whom she later married. The idea of a man who creates life-in the form of a horrible and grotesque monster-came to Mary in a vivid, waking dream. With her husband’s encouragement, she used this idea as the basis for FRANKENSTEIN. It was written when she was only nineteen years old. After Percy’s death, May Shelley continued to write but produced nothing to equal the success of this classic tale of horror. THE HISTORY OF FRANKENSTEIN 1816: Mary Wollstonecraft Shelly, daughter of one of the world’s first prominent feminists, writes the novel â€Å"Frankenstein† based n a â€Å"waking dream.† 1823: Richard Brinsley Peake’s â€Å"Presumption, or the Fate of Frankenstein,† the first stage adaptation of the novel, is performed in London. 1887: â€Å"The Vampire’s Victim,† a musical comedy featuring Fred Leslie as the creature, is presented as a Christmas show and includes dancing bears, two vampires and a female Dr. Frankenstein. 1910: The first movie version of â€Å"Frankenstein,† a 16-minute dramatization, is produced by Thomas Edison’s film company. It stars Charles Ogle as the monster. 1928: Hamilton Deane produces an adaptation of â€Å"Frankenstein,† which tours British provinces. Dean himself plays the creature. 1930: â€Å"Frankenstein† makes its West End premiere in London. 1931: 1957: A script written for a Broadway production is sued as the basis for the screenplay of the Universal Pictures film featuring Boris Karloff. Karloff’s performance steals the film.Hammer films produces â€Å"The Curse of Frankenstein,† the first Frankenstein film in color. Unlike earlier versions, it portrayed Victor Frankenstein as the outright villain of the story. 1972: An illustrated version of the story published by Marvel Comics is the first to be told from the monster’s point of view. The creature is portrayed as victim, not victimizer. 1973: A two-part television movie is produced and released as â€Å"Frankenstein, the True Story† in America and â€Å"Dr. Frankenstein† in the United Kingdom. In this story, Victor Frankenstein attempts to save a dying friend by replacing his brain in the reanimated body of a recently dead man. 1974: â€Å"Young Frankenstein,† written by and starring Gene Wilder, spoofs the Universal films of the 1930s with song and dance numbers. It’s the only â€Å"Frankenstein† film with a happy ending. 1978: Berni Wrightson publishes a lavishly illustrated adaptation of â€Å"Frankenstein† that visually portrays the creature as originally described by Shelly. 1981: Elaborate effects cannot compensate for a bad script when an ill-conceived stage version of â€Å"Frankenstein† is mounted on Broadway. It starred John Carradine and closed after only one performance. 1994: The feminist undertones of the original novel are developed in â€Å"Mary Shelly’s Frankenstein,† a film starring Tom Hulce and Helena Bonham Carter.

Food Security

Kirsten Highsmith February 1,2013 Eng & Humanities 2-1 Etymology Imperialism 1. (Noun): A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force; (Noun) The system, policies, or practices of such a government; (noun) an instance or policy of aggressive behaviour by one state against another 2. Imperialism originated in 1826 in a Napoleonic context, â€Å"advocacy of empire,†also of Rome and of British foreign policy, from imperial and -ism. At times in British usage with a neutral or positive sense relating to national interests or the spread of the benefits of Western civilization. . Imperialism is still in use. 4. Although Imperialism originated in 1826 it was first recorded 1878. It was picked up in Communist jargon by 1918. The term Imperialism applied to Western political and economic dominance in the 19th and 20th centuries. (etymonline. com) 5. A modern, interesting use of the word is that â€Å"Imperialism† is the name of a turn- based Strategy video game. Matrix 1. (Noun): An environment or material in which something develops; (Noun): A mass of fine-grained rock in which gems, crystals, or fossils are embedded; (Archaic)The womb; Archaic)The formative cells or tissue of a fingernail, toenail, or tooth; (Noun) A rectangular array of numeric or algebraic quantities subject to mathematical operations 2. Matrix originates from the Latin, female animal used for breeding, parent plant, from matr-, mater. Its first known use is 1555. Its also from the Old French word matrice. 3. Matrix is still in use, except for the third definition listed above. 4. â€Å"Matrix† is the Latin word for womb, and it retains that sense in English. It can also mean more generally any place in which something is formed or produced. The term â€Å"matrix† for an rray of numeric or algebraic quantities subject to mathematical operations was introduced in 1850 by James Joseph Sylvester. (ualr. edu) 5. A modern or interesti ng use of the term â€Å"Matrix† is that â€Å"Matrix† is the name of the brand new 2012 Toyota sports Car Sugar 1. (noun): A sweet crystalline substance obtained from various plants; (noun):Used as a term of endearment or an affectionate form of address; (noun): A psychoactive drug in the form of white powder 2. Sugar first originated in the late 13 century, â€Å"sugre†, from Old French. Its Medieval Latin word was succarum, and its Arabic word being sukkar 3. Sugar is still in use. . Sugars Old World home was India and it remained exotic in Europe until the Arabs began to cultivate it in Sicily and Spain; not until after the Crusades did it begin to rival honey as the West's sweetener. 5. A modern or interesting use of the term sugar is that it is the name of a American alternative rock band which was first formed in 1992. Necromancer 1. (noun): A person who practices necromancy; a wizard or magician 2. Necromancer originated in c. 1300, from the Old French w ord nigromansere, 3. Necromancer is still in use. 4. The word necromancer is adapted from the word necromancy meaning a form of magic nvolving communication with the deceased. The word â€Å"necromancy† is adapted from Late Latin necromantia. Early necromancy volved from shamanism, which calls upon spirits such as the ghosts of ancestors. 5. A modern or interesting fact about the word necromancer is that in the popular video game Guild Wars a necromancer is a playable character who can call on the spirits of the dead, and even death itself, to overpower enemies and assist allies. Works Cited 1. â€Å"Dictionary. com. † Thesaurus. com. N. p. , n. d. Web. 17 Jan. 2013. 2. â€Å"Etymology. † Behind the Name:. N. p. , n. d. Web. 17 Jan. 2013. 3.EtymologyAbout Our Definitions: All Forms of a Word (noun, Verb, Etc. )Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster, n. d. Web. 17 Jan. 2013. 4. â€Å"Online Etymology Dictionary. † Online Etymology Dictionary. N. p. , n. d. Web. 17 Jan. 2013. 5. Dictionary. com. Dictionary. com, n. d. Web. 17 Jan. 2013. Kirsten Highsmith February 1, 2013 Humanities II 2-1 Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa Food Security can be translated into many different definitions. Webster’s definition of it is, â€Å"Food security refers to the availability of food in sufficient quantity in a safe and nutritious form and one's access to it for a healthy and active life. This definition for food security clearly sets out the different sections involved when discussing food security, globally. These sections include many different aspects of food security. For example: the physical availability of food, and economic access to food, and the sustainability of these aspects to deliver adequate levels of food security. â€Å"In Sub-Saharan Africa today, almost 33 percent of the population of sub-Saharan Africa lack sufficient food security†( â€Å"Achieving Food Security in Africa: Challenges and Issues†1). The region of Africa as a whole remains constant to frequent food crises and famines hich are triggered by droughts, floods, and economic downturns. Food Security in sub-Saharan African households has been lowered because of the countries inability to produce the right resources to import food. Sub-Saharan Africa is dependent on agriculture which is most vulnerable to climate change making many methods of development futile but few methods supply satisfactory results. The use of agriculture can improve food security in sub-Saharan Africa by changing to different farming techniques such as using mulching, composting and crop rotation. Mulching in Africa can help improve food security in a multitude of ways. Mulches are materials placed over the soil surface to maintain moisture†(treesaregood). By using mulching plants and vegetables are able to contain moisture even under extreme weather conditions. This is beneficial to Sub-Saharan Africa because of the many droughts they get, it is har der for plants and vegetables to grow and soon end up dying. By maintaining water plants are able to grow healthier and stronger. Water conservation is not the only thing mulching can help with. â€Å"Coupled with conserving moisture mulching prevents the compression and crusting of the soil aused by watering, and rain†( Russell). Because of the unpredictable rain in the Sub-Saharan, the soil is compressed and losses water which leads to the drying out and crusting of plants. By using mulching it helps stops moisture from traveling up through the soil, and leaving behind the dissolved minerals as a crust which would have blocked the plants from growing to the surface. Mulches also provide food for earth worms. â€Å"Earthworms are a valuable resource in the garden, Earthworms tunnel deep into the soil allowing air and water to easily reach plant roots†( mulchingaround).By mulch attracting earthworms plants are able to obtain water and oxygen easier which allows the soi l to become richer and grow faster, which is exactly what the soil in the Sub-Saharan needs. Mulching helps improve food security by allowing plants and vegetables in the Sub-Saharan to grow at a faster rate which can be harvested and available more to different parts of the region. Tons of waste is generated through Africa and usually ends up in wastelands or turned into open dumps. Composting is an easy way of getting rid of waste in the Sub-Saharan and at the same time helping the environment. Composting is to fertilize with a mixture of decaying organic matter. †(Dictionary). Compost decomposes all the organic material and creates soil. By creating soil, it allows for a lot more room to plant and grown food making it widely available and easy to access. . â€Å"Small-scale farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa and the entire African continent can improve yields by up to 100% through combining fertilizer micro dosing and manures application†( New Farming Techniques Help Impr ove Food Security). By adding different types of compost together farmers in the Sub-Saharan can help improve soil and plant growth by 00%, this percentage can drastically help improve food security all over the African region by using organic materials to help create compost. By using compost, Africa’s plant growth can improve by enriching the soil that it gets its nutrients from. â€Å"Compost also has the benefit of adding organic matter to the soil†( The New Vision for Agriculture: Transforming agriculture through collaboration). By adding organic material to soil it gives it the nutrients it needs to grow faster and helps contain water. There have also been new methods of composting called a â€Å"Compost toilet†. Composting toilets are toilet systems which treat human waste by composting and dehydration to produce a useable end-product that is a valuable soil additive†( What is a Composting Toilet? ). Compost toilets allow waste entering the toilet t o be evaporated into the atmosphere through the vent leaving amount of soil to be used as a natural fertilizer. As helpful as compost toilets are they are quite expensive which makes it harder for Sub-Saharan to use and can slowly but surely improve the food security issue. Crop rotation in sub-Saharan Africa isn’t anything new and has been allowing a more diverse roup of foods to grow which expands the choice of food. â€Å"A crop rotation is a series of different crops planted in the same field following a defined seasonal order† (merriam-webster). There is a wide diversity of cropping systems in sub-Saharan Africa. â€Å"A three years' trial was held in a farmers' field in Ghana to study the effect of sole crops â€Å"crops that are grown alone† compared to conventional crop rotation†( Magdoff). The studies showed that crop rotation allowed a faster growing and more diverse choice of food by using crop rotation. Through rotations, labor is educed and b etter distributed throughout the year allowing for a more organized labor structure. â€Å"Crop rotation can also balance the production of residues by alternating crops that produce few and or short-lived residues†(Toensmeier). This allows a lesser amount residues left over and allows them to be removed. With more residue removed it easier to grow more plants as well. â€Å"Many crops may have positive effects on succeeding crops in the rotation, leading to greater production overall†(Kroeck). Because of the positives effects of crop rotation sub-Saharan Africa has made it one of its number one food security support methods.By allowing greater production crop rotation allows for better access to food and availability which increase the amount of food security in the Sub-Saharan and other counties. There are many different reasons why Sub-Saharan Africa suffers from low food security one of them being the effect of greenhouse gases on the environment. â€Å"Greenhouse gas emissions per person from urban waste management activities are greater in sub-Saharan African countries than in other developing countries, and are increasing as the population becomes more urbanized†( waste management through composting in Africa). As Africa becomes more rbanized the waste becomes greater and harder to contain. The waste from greenhouse gasses effects the agriculture making it hard to grow food, which lowers its food security even more. Climate change also plays a huge role in agriculture. â€Å"African countries are particularly vulnerable to climate change because of their dependence on rain fed agriculture, high levels of poverty†(Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture). Because of the ever changing climate and the dependence on rain, it makes agriculture hard to become fully sufficient, if the crops aren’t getting enough rain and minerals needed.Manpowered labor is a necessity in increasing food security through agriculture. â€Å"It is to be expected that the HIV/AIDS epidemic will cause serious damage to the agriculture sector in those countries, especially in countries that rely heavily on manpower for production. †( V. IMPACT ON AGRICULTURE). Because of the HIV/AIDS epidemic many farmers and workers have become ill and unable to produce crops which leads to declining yields and agriculture production. The reduction of production because of HIV/AIDS in Africa has led to food insecurity. After researching the food security situation in sub-Saharan Africa and food security in ther countries the research shows that they cannot improve if more attention and support is not given to agriculture development. By using crop rotation, mulching and composting, farmers can cultivate their farms and use the same plots in repeatedly. Crop rotation allows for a more diverse choice of food and greater production overall. Mulching conserves moisture and improves the fertility and health of the soil. Composting is used as a soil conditioner and natural fertilizer. One major benefit of these farming methods is that it allows people to stop using slash and burn cultivation.Agriculture can be the basis for solid and diversified economic growth. Works Cited 1. â€Å"Agriculture and Food Security | World Economic Forum – Agriculture and Food Security. † Agriculture and Food Security. N. p. , n. d. Web. 17 Jan. 2013. 2. â€Å"Compost. † Organics South Africa. N. p. , n. d. Web. 17 Jan. 2013. 3. â€Å"CSIRO. † Facing Africa's Food Security Challenges. N. p. , n. d. Web. 17 Jan. 2013. 4. Devereux, Stephen, and Simon Maxwell. Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa. London: ITDG, 2001. Print. 5. â€Å"Economist Intelligence Unit. † Global Food Security Index. N. p. , n. d.Web. 17 Jan. 2013. 6. â€Å"New Farming Techniques Help Improve Food Security. † New Farming Techniques Help Improve Food Security. N. p. , n. d. Web. 17 Jan. 2013. 7. â€Å"New Farming Techniques He lp Improve Food Security. † Solomon Times Online RSS. N. p. , n. d. Web. 17 Jan. 2013. 8. â€Å"SECTION I: SOIL COMPACTION-CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES. † Soil Compaction: Causes, Effects, and Control. N. p. , n. d. Web. 03 Feb. 2013. 9. â€Å"Reusing Organic Solid Waste in Urban Farming in African Cities: A Challengefor Urban Planners. † Urban Agriculture in West Africa. N. p. , n. d. Web. 03 Feb. 2013.

The Effects Of Global Warming On The Earth - 1587 Words

Global climate change is having disastrous effects on the planet and it is too late to change many of these impacts. However, there are some that can be limited by changes humans make in their daily lives. There is scientific evidence that shows how global warming is impacting the Earth. One example is how the global temperature has risen a few tenths of a degree (Sandor 2004). This may not sound like much but it can have huge effects on the plant life, like trees blooming earlier which in return affects animal life and more (Sandor 2004). Global climate change is mainly caused by the greenhouse effect and human activity and the impacts will eventually lead to devastation unless the current solutions are implemented. In order to prove†¦show more content†¦There has been a 0.74 degree Celsius rise in the mean temperature since the preindustrial times (Warren 2008). Some of the warmest years in history have been experienced within the past 20 years (Warren 2008). As a result o f the warming global temperature, ocean temperatures have also risen within the past decade. Oceans have absorbed a considerable amount of the atmospheric heat which has a lasting impact. An example is the Antarctic Peninsula, which has had an increase in temperature of around 2.5 degrees Celsius throughout the nineteenth century (Hughes 2000). The last effect that shows the scientific evidence on the global climate change is shrinking ice. It has been seen that an ice pack in the Arctic has reduced by 9% in 1990 compared when it was measured in 1980 (Hughes 2000). Also, glaciers in Europe have lost around 40% of their surface area (Hughes 2000). It has been seen that glaciers are retreating almost everywhere around the world because of the increased temperatures. These are the four main impacts that show the scientific evidence to prove that global climate change is occurring in our society. There is a range of possible causes for global climate change; however, there are two main ones that are the most realistic with backup support. These include the greenhouse effect and human activity. The greenhouse effect is the warming from trapped heat which is radiating from Earth to space